EPSG:1113

In Canada the realization of CGVD2013 is defined by application of a geoid model to the NAD83(CSRS) geographic 3D CRS. Although the vertical datum is static, deformation, mostly due to post-glacial isostatic adjustment, leads to changes in ellipsoidal height between the CSRS frame epochs that may be significant for some purposes. When the geoid model is applied to the ellipsoidal heights any change in ellipsoidal height manifests itself as a change in CGVD2013 gravity-related height. The Canadian velocity grid is used not only as a point motion operation within one of the realizations but also as a transformation between NAD83(CSRS) realizations at different epochs. The transformation between CGVD2013 snapshots at different epochs can be made through a concatenated operation involving the geoid model defining CGVD2013 and the application of the velocity grid. This concatenation simplifies to:
	H(t2) = H(t1) + (t2 – t1) vU.
where t1 and t2 are the source (from) and target (to) coordinate epochs respectively and vU is the vertical velocity interpolated from the velocity grid.

Reverse
For the reverse calculation the same formula is used but with the sign of the difference in epoch reversed, i.e. the source and target coordinate epochs are transposed. Any change in NAD83(CSRS) horizontal coordinates between the two epochs will be insignificant for the interpolation of the velocity grid.