EPSG:4409

NAD27 / BLM 9N (ftUS)

Selected transformation

Grid Files: nadcon5.nad27.nad83_1986.conus.lat.trn.20160901.b nadcon5.nad27.nad83_1986.conus.lon.trn.20160901.b nadcon5.nad83_1986.nad83_harn.conus.lat.trn.20160901.b nadcon5.nad83_1986.nad83_harn.conus.lon.trn.20160901.b nadcon5.nad83_2007.nad83_2011.conus.lat.trn.20160901.b nadcon5.nad83_2007.nad83_2011.conus.lon.trn.20160901.b nadcon5.nad83_fbn.nad83_2007.conus.lat.trn.20160901.b nadcon5.nad83_fbn.nad83_2007.conus.lon.trn.20160901.b nadcon5.nad83_harn.nad83_fbn.conus.lat.trn.20160901.b nadcon5.nad83_harn.nad83_fbn.conus.lon.trn.20160901.b

Remarks: For use in new operations - see CT code 9103 for alternative for legacy data. Note that steps 1 to 5 are documented in the geog2D domain, steps 6 and 7 in the geocentric domain. Steps 6 and 7 may be implemented in one operation using CT code 8970.

Information source: IOGP

Revision date: 2019-06-13

Attributes

Unit: US survey foot

Geodetic CRS: NAD27

Datum: North American Datum 1927

Ellipsoid: Clarke 1866

Prime meridian: Greenwich

Data source: EPSG

Information source: OGP

Revision date: 2010-02-20

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Definition: OGC Well Known Text 2 (2019)

BOUNDCRS[
    SOURCECRS[
        BOUNDCRS[
            SOURCECRS[
                BOUNDCRS[
                    SOURCECRS[
                        BOUNDCRS[
                            SOURCECRS[
                                BOUNDCRS[
                                    SOURCECRS[
                                        BOUNDCRS[
                                            SOURCECRS[
                                                BOUNDCRS[
                                                    SOURCECRS[
                                                        PROJCRS["NAD27 / BLM 9N (ftUS)",
                                                            BASEGEOGCRS["NAD27",
                                                                DATUM["North American Datum 1927",
                                                                    ELLIPSOID["Clarke 1866",6378206.4,294.978698213898,
                                                                        LENGTHUNIT["metre",1]]],
                                                                PRIMEM["Greenwich",0,
                                                                    ANGLEUNIT["degree",0.0174532925199433]],
                                                                ID["EPSG",4267]],
                                                            CONVERSION["BLM zone 9N (US survey foot)",
                                                                METHOD["Transverse Mercator",
                                                                    ID["EPSG",9807]],
                                                                PARAMETER["Latitude of natural origin",0,
                                                                    ANGLEUNIT["degree",0.0174532925199433],
                                                                    ID["EPSG",8801]],
                                                                PARAMETER["Longitude of natural origin",-129,
                                                                    ANGLEUNIT["degree",0.0174532925199433],
                                                                    ID["EPSG",8802]],
                                                                PARAMETER["Scale factor at natural origin",0.9996,
                                                                    SCALEUNIT["unity",1],
                                                                    ID["EPSG",8805]],
                                                                PARAMETER["False easting",1640416.67,
                                                                    LENGTHUNIT["US survey foot",0.304800609601219],
                                                                    ID["EPSG",8806]],
                                                                PARAMETER["False northing",0,
                                                                    LENGTHUNIT["US survey foot",0.304800609601219],
                                                                    ID["EPSG",8807]]],
                                                            CS[Cartesian,2],
                                                                AXIS["easting (X)",east,
                                                                    ORDER[1],
                                                                    LENGTHUNIT["US survey foot",0.304800609601219]],
                                                                AXIS["northing (Y)",north,
                                                                    ORDER[2],
                                                                    LENGTHUNIT["US survey foot",0.304800609601219]],
                                                            ID["EPSG",4409]]],
                                                    TARGETCRS[
                                                        GEOGCRS["NAD83",
                                                            DATUM["North American Datum 1983",
                                                                ELLIPSOID["GRS 1980",6378137,298.257222101,
                                                                    LENGTHUNIT["metre",1]]],
                                                            PRIMEM["Greenwich",0,
                                                                ANGLEUNIT["degree",0.0174532925199433]],
                                                            CS[ellipsoidal,2],
                                                                AXIS["geodetic latitude (Lat)",north,
                                                                    ORDER[1],
                                                                    ANGLEUNIT["degree",0.0174532925199433]],
                                                                AXIS["geodetic longitude (Lon)",east,
                                                                    ORDER[2],
                                                                    ANGLEUNIT["degree",0.0174532925199433]],
                                                            ID["EPSG",4269]]],
                                                    ABRIDGEDTRANSFORMATION["NAD27 to NAD83 (7)",
                                                        METHOD["NADCON5 (2D)",
                                                            ID["EPSG",1074]],
                                                        PARAMETERFILE["Latitude difference file","nadcon5.nad27.nad83_1986.conus.lat.trn.20160901.b"],
                                                        PARAMETERFILE["Longitude difference file","nadcon5.nad27.nad83_1986.conus.lon.trn.20160901.b"],
                                                        ID["EPSG",8555]]]],
                                            TARGETCRS[
                                                GEOGCRS["NAD83(HARN)",
                                                    DATUM["NAD83 (High Accuracy Reference Network)",
                                                        ELLIPSOID["GRS 1980",6378137,298.257222101,
                                                            LENGTHUNIT["metre",1]]],
                                                    PRIMEM["Greenwich",0,
                                                        ANGLEUNIT["degree",0.0174532925199433]],
                                                    CS[ellipsoidal,2],
                                                        AXIS["geodetic latitude (Lat)",north,
                                                            ORDER[1],
                                                            ANGLEUNIT["degree",0.0174532925199433]],
                                                        AXIS["geodetic longitude (Lon)",east,
                                                            ORDER[2],
                                                            ANGLEUNIT["degree",0.0174532925199433]],
                                                    ID["EPSG",4152]]],
                                            ABRIDGEDTRANSFORMATION["NAD83 to NAD83(HARN) (47)",
                                                METHOD["NADCON5 (2D)",
                                                    ID["EPSG",1074]],
                                                PARAMETERFILE["Latitude difference file","nadcon5.nad83_1986.nad83_harn.conus.lat.trn.20160901.b"],
                                                PARAMETERFILE["Longitude difference file","nadcon5.nad83_1986.nad83_harn.conus.lon.trn.20160901.b"],
                                                ID["EPSG",8556]]]],
                                    TARGETCRS[
                                        GEOGCRS["NAD83(FBN)",
                                            DATUM["NAD83 (Federal Base Network)",
                                                ELLIPSOID["GRS 1980",6378137,298.257222101,
                                                    LENGTHUNIT["metre",1]]],
                                            PRIMEM["Greenwich",0,
                                                ANGLEUNIT["degree",0.0174532925199433]],
                                            CS[ellipsoidal,2],
                                                AXIS["geodetic latitude (Lat)",north,
                                                    ORDER[1],
                                                    ANGLEUNIT["degree",0.0174532925199433]],
                                                AXIS["geodetic longitude (Lon)",east,
                                                    ORDER[2],
                                                    ANGLEUNIT["degree",0.0174532925199433]],
                                            ID["EPSG",8860]]],
                                    ABRIDGEDTRANSFORMATION["NAD83(HARN) to NAD83(FBN) (1)",
                                        METHOD["NADCON5 (3D)",
                                            ID["EPSG",1075]],
                                        PARAMETERFILE["Latitude difference file","nadcon5.nad83_harn.nad83_fbn.conus.lat.trn.20160901.b"],
                                        PARAMETERFILE["Longitude difference file","nadcon5.nad83_harn.nad83_fbn.conus.lon.trn.20160901.b"],
                                        ID["EPSG",8861]]]],
                            TARGETCRS[
                                GEOGCRS["NAD83(NSRS2007)",
                                    DATUM["NAD83 (National Spatial Reference System 2007)",
                                        ELLIPSOID["GRS 1980",6378137,298.257222101,
                                            LENGTHUNIT["metre",1]]],
                                    PRIMEM["Greenwich",0,
                                        ANGLEUNIT["degree",0.0174532925199433]],
                                    CS[ellipsoidal,2],
                                        AXIS["geodetic latitude (Lat)",north,
                                            ORDER[1],
                                            ANGLEUNIT["degree",0.0174532925199433]],
                                        AXIS["geodetic longitude (Lon)",east,
                                            ORDER[2],
                                            ANGLEUNIT["degree",0.0174532925199433]],
                                    ID["EPSG",4759]]],
                            ABRIDGEDTRANSFORMATION["NAD83(FBN) to NAD83(NSRS2007) (1)",
                                METHOD["NADCON5 (3D)",
                                    ID["EPSG",1075]],
                                PARAMETERFILE["Latitude difference file","nadcon5.nad83_fbn.nad83_2007.conus.lat.trn.20160901.b"],
                                PARAMETERFILE["Longitude difference file","nadcon5.nad83_fbn.nad83_2007.conus.lon.trn.20160901.b"],
                                ID["EPSG",8862]]]],
                    TARGETCRS[
                        GEOGCRS["NAD83(2011)",
                            DATUM["NAD83 (National Spatial Reference System 2011)",
                                ELLIPSOID["GRS 1980",6378137,298.257222101,
                                    LENGTHUNIT["metre",1]]],
                            PRIMEM["Greenwich",0,
                                ANGLEUNIT["degree",0.0174532925199433]],
                            CS[ellipsoidal,2],
                                AXIS["geodetic latitude (Lat)",north,
                                    ORDER[1],
                                    ANGLEUNIT["degree",0.0174532925199433]],
                                AXIS["geodetic longitude (Lon)",east,
                                    ORDER[2],
                                    ANGLEUNIT["degree",0.0174532925199433]],
                            ID["EPSG",6318]]],
                    ABRIDGEDTRANSFORMATION["NAD83(NSRS2007) to NAD83(2011) (1)",
                        METHOD["NADCON5 (3D)",
                            ID["EPSG",1075]],
                        PARAMETERFILE["Latitude difference file","nadcon5.nad83_2007.nad83_2011.conus.lat.trn.20160901.b"],
                        PARAMETERFILE["Longitude difference file","nadcon5.nad83_2007.nad83_2011.conus.lon.trn.20160901.b"],
                        ID["EPSG",8559]]]],
            TARGETCRS[
                GEODCRS["ITRF2008",
                    DYNAMIC[
                        FRAMEEPOCH[2005]],
                    DATUM["International Terrestrial Reference Frame 2008",
                        ELLIPSOID["GRS 1980",6378137,298.257222101,
                            LENGTHUNIT["metre",1]]],
                    PRIMEM["Greenwich",0,
                        ANGLEUNIT["degree",0.0174532925199433]],
                    CS[Cartesian,3],
                        AXIS["(X)",geocentricX,
                            ORDER[1],
                            LENGTHUNIT["metre",1]],
                        AXIS["(Y)",geocentricY,
                            ORDER[2],
                            LENGTHUNIT["metre",1]],
                        AXIS["(Z)",geocentricZ,
                            ORDER[3],
                            LENGTHUNIT["metre",1]],
                    ID["EPSG",5332]]],
            ABRIDGEDTRANSFORMATION["Inverse of ITRF2008 to NAD83(2011) (1)",
                METHOD["Inverse of Time-dependent Coordinate Frame rotation (geocen)",
                    ID["INVERSE(EPSG)",1056]],
                PARAMETER["X-axis translation",0.99343,
                    ID["EPSG",8605]],
                PARAMETER["Y-axis translation",-1.90331,
                    ID["EPSG",8606]],
                PARAMETER["Z-axis translation",-0.52655,
                    ID["EPSG",8607]],
                PARAMETER["X-axis rotation",0.02591467,
                    ID["EPSG",8608]],
                PARAMETER["Y-axis rotation",0.00942645,
                    ID["EPSG",8609]],
                PARAMETER["Z-axis rotation",0.01159935,
                    ID["EPSG",8610]],
                PARAMETER["Scale difference",1.71504,
                    ID["EPSG",8611]],
                PARAMETER["Rate of change of X-axis translation",2.50341244864579E-11,
                    ID["EPSG",1040]],
                PARAMETER["Rate of change of Y-axis translation",-1.90132591036389E-11,
                    ID["EPSG",1041]],
                PARAMETER["Rate of change of Z-axis translation",-4.24629453314602E-11,
                    ID["EPSG",1042]],
                PARAMETER["Rate of change of X-axis rotation",2.11268997406601E-12,
                    ID["EPSG",1043]],
                PARAMETER["Rate of change of Y-axis rotation",-2.40023382924337E-11,
                    ID["EPSG",1044]],
                PARAMETER["Rate of change of Z-axis rotation",-1.62658431631631E-12,
                    ID["EPSG",1045]],
                PARAMETER["Rate of change of Scale difference",-0.10201,
                    ID["EPSG",1046]],
                PARAMETER["Parameter reference epoch",1997,
                    ID["EPSG",1047]],
                ID["INVERSE(EPSG)",7807]]]],
    TARGETCRS[
        GEODCRS["ITRF2014",
            DYNAMIC[
                FRAMEEPOCH[2010]],
            DATUM["International Terrestrial Reference Frame 2014",
                ELLIPSOID["GRS 1980",6378137,298.257222101,
                    LENGTHUNIT["metre",1]]],
            PRIMEM["Greenwich",0,
                ANGLEUNIT["degree",0.0174532925199433]],
            CS[Cartesian,3],
                AXIS["(X)",geocentricX,
                    ORDER[1],
                    LENGTHUNIT["metre",1]],
                AXIS["(Y)",geocentricY,
                    ORDER[2],
                    LENGTHUNIT["metre",1]],
                AXIS["(Z)",geocentricZ,
                    ORDER[3],
                    LENGTHUNIT["metre",1]],
            USAGE[
                SCOPE["Geodesy."],
                AREA["World."],
                BBOX[-90,-180,90,180]],
            ID["EPSG",7789]]],
    ABRIDGEDTRANSFORMATION["ITRF2008 to ITRF2014 (1)",
        METHOD["Time-dependent Position Vector tfm (geocentric)",
            ID["EPSG",1053]],
        PARAMETER["X-axis translation",-0.0016,
            ID["EPSG",8605]],
        PARAMETER["Y-axis translation",-0.0019,
            ID["EPSG",8606]],
        PARAMETER["Z-axis translation",-0.0024,
            ID["EPSG",8607]],
        PARAMETER["X-axis rotation",0,
            ID["EPSG",8608]],
        PARAMETER["Y-axis rotation",0,
            ID["EPSG",8609]],
        PARAMETER["Z-axis rotation",0,
            ID["EPSG",8610]],
        PARAMETER["Scale difference",0.02,
            ID["EPSG",8611]],
        PARAMETER["Rate of change of X-axis translation",0,
            ID["EPSG",1040]],
        PARAMETER["Rate of change of Y-axis translation",0,
            ID["EPSG",1041]],
        PARAMETER["Rate of change of Z-axis translation",3.16887651727315E-12,
            ID["EPSG",1042]],
        PARAMETER["Rate of change of X-axis rotation",0,
            ID["EPSG",1043]],
        PARAMETER["Rate of change of Y-axis rotation",0,
            ID["EPSG",1044]],
        PARAMETER["Rate of change of Z-axis rotation",0,
            ID["EPSG",1045]],
        PARAMETER["Rate of change of Scale difference",-0.03,
            ID["EPSG",1046]],
        PARAMETER["Parameter reference epoch",2010,
            ID["EPSG",1047]],
        USAGE[
            SCOPE["Geodesy."],
            AREA["World."],
            BBOX[-90,-180,90,180]],
        ID["EPSG",7790],
        REMARK["Scale difference in ppb and scale difference rate in ppb/yr where 1/billion = 1E-9 or nm/m. Estimated using 127 stations at 125 sites."]]]

Definition: PROJ.4

+proj=tmerc +lat_0=0 +lon_0=-129 +k=0.9996 +x_0=500000.001016002 +y_0=0 +datum=NAD27 +units=us-ft +no_defs +type=crs

Definition: JavaScript (Proj4js)

proj4.defs("EPSG:4409","+proj=tmerc +lat_0=0 +lon_0=-129 +k=0.9996 +x_0=500000.001016002 +y_0=0 +datum=NAD27 +units=us-ft +no_defs +type=crs");

Definition: JSON

{
    "$schema": "https://proj.org/schemas/v0.7/projjson.schema.json",
    "type": "BoundCRS",
    "source_crs": {
        "type": "BoundCRS",
        "source_crs": {
            "type": "BoundCRS",
            "source_crs": {
                "type": "BoundCRS",
                "source_crs": {
                    "type": "BoundCRS",
                    "source_crs": {
                        "type": "BoundCRS",
                        "source_crs": {
                            "type": "BoundCRS",
                            "source_crs": {
                                "type": "ProjectedCRS",
                                "name": "NAD27 / BLM 9N (ftUS)",
                                "base_crs": {
                                    "name": "NAD27",
                                    "datum": {
                                        "type": "GeodeticReferenceFrame",
                                        "name": "North American Datum 1927",
                                        "ellipsoid": {
                                            "name": "Clarke 1866",
                                            "semi_major_axis": 6378206.4,
                                            "semi_minor_axis": 6356583.8
                                        }
                                    },
                                    "coordinate_system": {
                                        "subtype": "ellipsoidal",
                                        "axis": [
                                            {
                                                "name": "Geodetic latitude",
                                                "abbreviation": "Lat",
                                                "direction": "north",
                                                "unit": "degree"
                                            },
                                            {
                                                "name": "Geodetic longitude",
                                                "abbreviation": "Lon",
                                                "direction": "east",
                                                "unit": "degree"
                                            }
                                        ]
                                    },
                                    "id": {
                                        "authority": "EPSG",
                                        "code": 4267
                                    }
                                },
                                "conversion": {
                                    "name": "BLM zone 9N (US survey foot)",
                                    "method": {
                                        "name": "Transverse Mercator",
                                        "id": {
                                            "authority": "EPSG",
                                            "code": 9807
                                        }
                                    },
                                    "parameters": [
                                        {
                                            "name": "Latitude of natural origin",
                                            "value": 0,
                                            "unit": "degree",
                                            "id": {
                                                "authority": "EPSG",
                                                "code": 8801
                                            }
                                        },
                                        {
                                            "name": "Longitude of natural origin",
                                            "value": -129,
                                            "unit": "degree",
                                            "id": {
                                                "authority": "EPSG",
                                                "code": 8802
                                            }
                                        },
                                        {
                                            "name": "Scale factor at natural origin",
                                            "value": 0.9996,
                                            "unit": "unity",
                                            "id": {
                                                "authority": "EPSG",
                                                "code": 8805
                                            }
                                        },
                                        {
                                            "name": "False easting",
                                            "value": 1640416.67,
                                            "unit": {
                                                "type": "LinearUnit",
                                                "name": "US survey foot",
                                                "conversion_factor": 0.304800609601219
                                            },
                                            "id": {
                                                "authority": "EPSG",
                                                "code": 8806
                                            }
                                        },
                                        {
                                            "name": "False northing",
                                            "value": 0,
                                            "unit": {
                                                "type": "LinearUnit",
                                                "name": "US survey foot",
                                                "conversion_factor": 0.304800609601219
                                            },
                                            "id": {
                                                "authority": "EPSG",
                                                "code": 8807
                                            }
                                        }
                                    ]
                                },
                                "coordinate_system": {
                                    "subtype": "Cartesian",
                                    "axis": [
                                        {
                                            "name": "Easting",
                                            "abbreviation": "X",
                                            "direction": "east",
                                            "unit": {
                                                "type": "LinearUnit",
                                                "name": "US survey foot",
                                                "conversion_factor": 0.304800609601219
                                            }
                                        },
                                        {
                                            "name": "Northing",
                                            "abbreviation": "Y",
                                            "direction": "north",
                                            "unit": {
                                                "type": "LinearUnit",
                                                "name": "US survey foot",
                                                "conversion_factor": 0.304800609601219
                                            }
                                        }
                                    ]
                                },
                                "id": {
                                    "authority": "EPSG",
                                    "code": 4409
                                }
                            },
                            "target_crs": {
                                "type": "GeographicCRS",
                                "name": "NAD83",
                                "datum": {
                                    "type": "GeodeticReferenceFrame",
                                    "name": "North American Datum 1983",
                                    "ellipsoid": {
                                        "name": "GRS 1980",
                                        "semi_major_axis": 6378137,
                                        "inverse_flattening": 298.257222101
                                    }
                                },
                                "coordinate_system": {
                                    "subtype": "ellipsoidal",
                                    "axis": [
                                        {
                                            "name": "Geodetic latitude",
                                            "abbreviation": "Lat",
                                            "direction": "north",
                                            "unit": "degree"
                                        },
                                        {
                                            "name": "Geodetic longitude",
                                            "abbreviation": "Lon",
                                            "direction": "east",
                                            "unit": "degree"
                                        }
                                    ]
                                },
                                "id": {
                                    "authority": "EPSG",
                                    "code": 4269
                                }
                            },
                            "transformation": {
                                "name": "NAD27 to NAD83 (7)",
                                "method": {
                                    "name": "NADCON5 (2D)",
                                    "id": {
                                        "authority": "EPSG",
                                        "code": 1074
                                    }
                                },
                                "parameters": [
                                    {
                                        "name": "Latitude difference file",
                                        "value": "nadcon5.nad27.nad83_1986.conus.lat.trn.20160901.b",
                                        "id": {
                                            "authority": "EPSG",
                                            "code": 8657
                                        }
                                    },
                                    {
                                        "name": "Longitude difference file",
                                        "value": "nadcon5.nad27.nad83_1986.conus.lon.trn.20160901.b",
                                        "id": {
                                            "authority": "EPSG",
                                            "code": 8658
                                        }
                                    }
                                ],
                                "id": {
                                    "authority": "EPSG",
                                    "code": 8555
                                }
                            }
                        },
                        "target_crs": {
                            "type": "GeographicCRS",
                            "name": "NAD83(HARN)",
                            "datum": {
                                "type": "GeodeticReferenceFrame",
                                "name": "NAD83 (High Accuracy Reference Network)",
                                "ellipsoid": {
                                    "name": "GRS 1980",
                                    "semi_major_axis": 6378137,
                                    "inverse_flattening": 298.257222101
                                }
                            },
                            "coordinate_system": {
                                "subtype": "ellipsoidal",
                                "axis": [
                                    {
                                        "name": "Geodetic latitude",
                                        "abbreviation": "Lat",
                                        "direction": "north",
                                        "unit": "degree"
                                    },
                                    {
                                        "name": "Geodetic longitude",
                                        "abbreviation": "Lon",
                                        "direction": "east",
                                        "unit": "degree"
                                    }
                                ]
                            },
                            "id": {
                                "authority": "EPSG",
                                "code": 4152
                            }
                        },
                        "transformation": {
                            "name": "NAD83 to NAD83(HARN) (47)",
                            "source_crs": {
                                "type": "GeographicCRS",
                                "name": "NAD83",
                                "datum": {
                                    "type": "GeodeticReferenceFrame",
                                    "name": "North American Datum 1983",
                                    "ellipsoid": {
                                        "name": "GRS 1980",
                                        "semi_major_axis": 6378137,
                                        "inverse_flattening": 298.257222101
                                    }
                                },
                                "coordinate_system": {
                                    "subtype": "ellipsoidal",
                                    "axis": [
                                        {
                                            "name": "Geodetic latitude",
                                            "abbreviation": "Lat",
                                            "direction": "north",
                                            "unit": "degree"
                                        },
                                        {
                                            "name": "Geodetic longitude",
                                            "abbreviation": "Lon",
                                            "direction": "east",
                                            "unit": "degree"
                                        }
                                    ]
                                },
                                "id": {
                                    "authority": "EPSG",
                                    "code": 4269
                                }
                            },
                            "method": {
                                "name": "NADCON5 (2D)",
                                "id": {
                                    "authority": "EPSG",
                                    "code": 1074
                                }
                            },
                            "parameters": [
                                {
                                    "name": "Latitude difference file",
                                    "value": "nadcon5.nad83_1986.nad83_harn.conus.lat.trn.20160901.b",
                                    "id": {
                                        "authority": "EPSG",
                                        "code": 8657
                                    }
                                },
                                {
                                    "name": "Longitude difference file",
                                    "value": "nadcon5.nad83_1986.nad83_harn.conus.lon.trn.20160901.b",
                                    "id": {
                                        "authority": "EPSG",
                                        "code": 8658
                                    }
                                }
                            ],
                            "id": {
                                "authority": "EPSG",
                                "code": 8556
                            }
                        }
                    },
                    "target_crs": {
                        "type": "GeographicCRS",
                        "name": "NAD83(FBN)",
                        "datum": {
                            "type": "GeodeticReferenceFrame",
                            "name": "NAD83 (Federal Base Network)",
                            "ellipsoid": {
                                "name": "GRS 1980",
                                "semi_major_axis": 6378137,
                                "inverse_flattening": 298.257222101
                            }
                        },
                        "coordinate_system": {
                            "subtype": "ellipsoidal",
                            "axis": [
                                {
                                    "name": "Geodetic latitude",
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Definition: MapServer - MAPfile

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Definition: Mapnik

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