Method: Geocentric translations (geog2D domain)
Remarks: Derived at 6 stations.
Information source: U.S. National Imagery and Mapping Agency TR8350.2 revision of October 1997; http://earth-info.nga.mil/GandG/tr8350/tr8350_2.html
Revision date: 2007-11-01
Unit: metre
Geodetic CRS: Pulkovo 1942
Datum: Pulkovo 1942
Ellipsoid: Krassowsky 1940
Prime meridian: Greenwich
Data source: EPSG
Information source: OGP
Revision date: 2012-11-26
Scope: Topographic mapping (medium scale).
Remarks: Also found with truncated false easting - see Pulkovo 1942 / Gauss-Kruger CM 177W (code 2521).
Area of use: Russian Federation - onshore between 180°E and 174°W.
Coordinate system: Cartesian 2D CS. Axes: northing, easting (X,Y). Orientations: north, east. UoM: m.
Center coordinates
30461747.4 14431069.15
Projected bounds:
30818274.24 14675539.33
30134636.04 14160879.38
WGS84 bounds:
12.09 47.73
22.56 51.06
Definition: Well Known Text (WKT)
PROJCS["Pulkovo 1942 / Gauss-Kruger zone 31", GEOGCS["Pulkovo 1942", DATUM["Pulkovo_1942", SPHEROID["Krassowsky 1940",6378245,298.3], TOWGS84[26,-121,-78,0,0,0,0]], PRIMEM["Greenwich",0], UNIT["degree",0.0174532925199433, AUTHORITY["EPSG","9122"]], AUTHORITY["EPSG","4284"]], PROJECTION["Transverse_Mercator"], PARAMETER["latitude_of_origin",0], PARAMETER["central_meridian",-177], PARAMETER["scale_factor",1], PARAMETER["false_easting",31500000], PARAMETER["false_northing",0], UNIT["metre",1], AUTHORITY["EPSG","28431"]]
Definition: ESRI WKT
PROJCS["Pulkovo_1942_GK_Zone_31",GEOGCS["GCS_Pulkovo_1942",DATUM["D_Pulkovo_1942",SPHEROID["Krasovsky_1940",6378245.0,298.3]],PRIMEM["Greenwich",0.0],UNIT["Degree",0.0174532925199433]],PROJECTION["Gauss_Kruger"],PARAMETER["False_Easting",31500000.0],PARAMETER["False_Northing",0.0],PARAMETER["Central_Meridian",-177.0],PARAMETER["Scale_Factor",1.0],PARAMETER["Latitude_Of_Origin",0.0],UNIT["Meter",1.0]]
Definition: JSON
{ "$schema": "https://proj.org/schemas/v0.4/projjson.schema.json", "type": "BoundCRS", "source_crs": { "type": "ProjectedCRS", "name": "Pulkovo 1942 / Gauss-Kruger zone 31", "base_crs": { "name": "Pulkovo 1942", "datum": { "type": "GeodeticReferenceFrame", "name": "Pulkovo 1942", "ellipsoid": { "name": "Krassowsky 1940", "semi_major_axis": 6378245, "inverse_flattening": 298.3 } }, "coordinate_system": { "subtype": "ellipsoidal", "axis": [ { "name": "Geodetic latitude", "abbreviation": "Lat", "direction": "north", "unit": "degree" }, { "name": "Geodetic longitude", "abbreviation": "Lon", "direction": "east", "unit": "degree" } ] }, "id": { "authority": "EPSG", "code": 4284 } }, "conversion": { "name": "6-degree Gauss-Kruger zone 31", "method": { "name": "Transverse Mercator", "id": { "authority": "EPSG", "code": 9807 } }, "parameters": [ { "name": "Latitude of natural origin", "value": 0, "unit": "degree", "id": { "authority": "EPSG", "code": 8801 } }, { "name": "Longitude of natural origin", "value": -177, "unit": "degree", "id": { "authority": "EPSG", "code": 8802 } }, { "name": "Scale factor at natural origin", "value": 1, "unit": "unity", "id": { "authority": "EPSG", "code": 8805 } }, { "name": "False easting", "value": 31500000, "unit": "metre", "id": { "authority": "EPSG", "code": 8806 } }, { "name": "False northing", "value": 0, "unit": "metre", "id": { "authority": "EPSG", "code": 8807 } } ] }, "coordinate_system": { "subtype": "Cartesian", "axis": [ { "name": "Northing", "abbreviation": "X", "direction": "north", "unit": "metre" }, { "name": "Easting", "abbreviation": "Y", "direction": "east", "unit": "metre" } ] }, "id": { "authority": "EPSG", "code": 28431 } }, "target_crs": { "type": "GeographicCRS", "name": "WGS 84", "datum_ensemble": { "name": "World Geodetic System 1984 ensemble", "members": [ { "name": "World Geodetic System 1984 (Transit)" }, { "name": "World Geodetic System 1984 (G730)" }, { "name": "World Geodetic System 1984 (G873)" }, { "name": "World Geodetic System 1984 (G1150)" }, { "name": "World Geodetic System 1984 (G1674)" }, { "name": "World Geodetic System 1984 (G1762)" }, { "name": "World Geodetic System 1984 (G2139)" } ], "ellipsoid": { "name": "WGS 84", "semi_major_axis": 6378137, "inverse_flattening": 298.257223563 }, "accuracy": "2.0" }, "coordinate_system": { "subtype": "ellipsoidal", "axis": [ { "name": "Geodetic latitude", "abbreviation": "Lat", "direction": "north", "unit": "degree" }, { "name": "Geodetic longitude", "abbreviation": "Lon", "direction": "east", "unit": "degree" } ] }, "id": { "authority": "EPSG", "code": 4326 } }, "transformation": { "name": "Transformation from unknown to WGS84", "method": { "name": "Position Vector transformation (geog2D domain)", "id": { "authority": "EPSG", "code": 9606 } }, "parameters": [ { "name": "X-axis translation", "value": 26, "unit": "metre", "id": { "authority": "EPSG", "code": 8605 } }, { "name": "Y-axis translation", "value": -121, "unit": "metre", "id": { "authority": "EPSG", "code": 8606 } }, { "name": "Z-axis translation", "value": -78, "unit": "metre", "id": { "authority": "EPSG", "code": 8607 } }, { "name": "X-axis rotation", "value": 0, "unit": { "type": "AngularUnit", "name": "arc-second", "conversion_factor": 4.84813681109536e-06 }, "id": { "authority": "EPSG", "code": 8608 } }, { "name": "Y-axis rotation", "value": 0, "unit": { "type": "AngularUnit", "name": "arc-second", "conversion_factor": 4.84813681109536e-06 }, "id": { "authority": "EPSG", "code": 8609 } }, { "name": "Z-axis rotation", "value": 0, "unit": { "type": "AngularUnit", "name": "arc-second", "conversion_factor": 4.84813681109536e-06 }, "id": { "authority": "EPSG", "code": 8610 } }, { "name": "Scale difference", "value": 0, "unit": { "type": "ScaleUnit", "name": "parts per million", "conversion_factor": 1e-06 }, "id": { "authority": "EPSG", "code": 8611 } } ] } }
Definition: GeoServer
28431=PROJCS["Pulkovo 1942 / Gauss-Kruger zone 31",GEOGCS["Pulkovo 1942",DATUM["Pulkovo_1942",SPHEROID["Krassowsky 1940",6378245,298.3],TOWGS84[26,-121,-78,0,0,0,0]],PRIMEM["Greenwich",0],UNIT["degree",0.0174532925199433,AUTHORITY["EPSG","9122"]],AUTHORITY["EPSG","4284"]],PROJECTION["Transverse_Mercator"],PARAMETER["latitude_of_origin",0],PARAMETER["central_meridian",-177],PARAMETER["scale_factor",1],PARAMETER["false_easting",31500000],PARAMETER["false_northing",0],UNIT["metre",1],AUTHORITY["EPSG","28431"]]
Definition: Mapnik
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <Map srs="+proj=tmerc +lat_0=0 +lon_0=-177 +k=1 +x_0=31500000 +y_0=0 +ellps=krass +towgs84=26,-121,-78,0,0,0,0 +units=m +no_defs +type=crs"> <Layer srs="+proj=tmerc +lat_0=0 +lon_0=-177 +k=1 +x_0=31500000 +y_0=0 +ellps=krass +towgs84=26,-121,-78,0,0,0,0 +units=m +no_defs +type=crs"> </Layer> </Map>
Definition: SQL (PostGIS)
INSERT into spatial_ref_sys (srid, auth_name, auth_srid, proj4text, srtext) values ( 28431, 'EPSG', 28431, '+proj=tmerc +lat_0=0 +lon_0=-177 +k=1 +x_0=31500000 +y_0=0 +ellps=krass +towgs84=26,-121,-78,0,0,0,0 +units=m +no_defs +type=crs', 'PROJCS["Pulkovo 1942 / Gauss-Kruger zone 31",GEOGCS["Pulkovo 1942",DATUM["Pulkovo_1942",SPHEROID["Krassowsky 1940",6378245,298.3],TOWGS84[26,-121,-78,0,0,0,0]],PRIMEM["Greenwich",0],UNIT["degree",0.0174532925199433,AUTHORITY["EPSG","9122"]],AUTHORITY["EPSG","4284"]],PROJECTION["Transverse_Mercator"],PARAMETER["latitude_of_origin",0],PARAMETER["central_meridian",-177],PARAMETER["scale_factor",1],PARAMETER["false_easting",31500000],PARAMETER["false_northing",0],UNIT["metre",1],AUTHORITY["EPSG","28431"]]');
Definition: OGC WKT
PROJCS["Pulkovo 1942 / Gauss-Kruger zone 31",GEOGCS["Pulkovo 1942",DATUM["Pulkovo_1942",SPHEROID["Krassowsky 1940",6378245,298.3],TOWGS84[26,-121,-78,0,0,0,0]],PRIMEM["Greenwich",0],UNIT["degree",0.0174532925199433,AUTHORITY["EPSG","9122"]],AUTHORITY["EPSG","4284"]],PROJECTION["Transverse_Mercator"],PARAMETER["latitude_of_origin",0],PARAMETER["central_meridian",-177],PARAMETER["scale_factor",1],PARAMETER["false_easting",31500000],PARAMETER["false_northing",0],UNIT["metre",1],AUTHORITY["EPSG","28431"]]
Definition: OGC WKT 2 (2019)
BOUNDCRS[SOURCECRS[PROJCRS["Pulkovo 1942 / Gauss-Kruger zone 31",BASEGEOGCRS["Pulkovo 1942",DATUM["Pulkovo 1942",ELLIPSOID["Krassowsky 1940",6378245,298.3,LENGTHUNIT["metre",1]]],PRIMEM["Greenwich",0,ANGLEUNIT["degree",0.0174532925199433]],ID["EPSG",4284]],CONVERSION["6-degree Gauss-Kruger zone 31",METHOD["Transverse Mercator",ID["EPSG",9807]],PARAMETER["Latitude of natural origin",0,ANGLEUNIT["degree",0.0174532925199433],ID["EPSG",8801]],PARAMETER["Longitude of natural origin",-177,ANGLEUNIT["degree",0.0174532925199433],ID["EPSG",8802]],PARAMETER["Scale factor at natural origin",1,SCALEUNIT["unity",1],ID["EPSG",8805]],PARAMETER["False easting",31500000,LENGTHUNIT["metre",1],ID["EPSG",8806]],PARAMETER["False northing",0,LENGTHUNIT["metre",1],ID["EPSG",8807]]],CS[Cartesian,2],AXIS["northing (X)",north,ORDER[1],LENGTHUNIT["metre",1]],AXIS["easting (Y)",east,ORDER[2],LENGTHUNIT["metre",1]],USAGE[SCOPE["Topographic mapping (medium scale)."],AREA["Russian Federation - onshore between 180°E and 174°W."],BBOX[64.35,-180,71.65,-174]],ID["EPSG",28431]]],TARGETCRS[GEOGCRS["WGS 84",ENSEMBLE["World Geodetic System 1984 ensemble",MEMBER["World Geodetic System 1984 (Transit)"],MEMBER["World Geodetic System 1984 (G730)"],MEMBER["World Geodetic System 1984 (G873)"],MEMBER["World Geodetic System 1984 (G1150)"],MEMBER["World Geodetic System 1984 (G1674)"],MEMBER["World Geodetic System 1984 (G1762)"],MEMBER["World Geodetic System 1984 (G2139)"],ELLIPSOID["WGS 84",6378137,298.257223563,LENGTHUNIT["metre",1]],ENSEMBLEACCURACY[2.0]],PRIMEM["Greenwich",0,ANGLEUNIT["degree",0.0174532925199433]],CS[ellipsoidal,2],AXIS["geodetic latitude (Lat)",north,ORDER[1],ANGLEUNIT["degree",0.0174532925199433]],AXIS["geodetic longitude (Lon)",east,ORDER[2],ANGLEUNIT["degree",0.0174532925199433]],USAGE[SCOPE["Horizontal component of 3D system."],AREA["World."],BBOX[-90,-180,90,180]],ID["EPSG",4326]]],ABRIDGEDTRANSFORMATION["Transformation from unknown to WGS84",METHOD["Position Vector transformation (geog2D domain)",ID["EPSG",9606]],PARAMETER["X-axis translation",26,ID["EPSG",8605]],PARAMETER["Y-axis translation",-121,ID["EPSG",8606]],PARAMETER["Z-axis translation",-78,ID["EPSG",8607]],PARAMETER["X-axis rotation",0,ID["EPSG",8608]],PARAMETER["Y-axis rotation",0,ID["EPSG",8609]],PARAMETER["Z-axis rotation",0,ID["EPSG",8610]],PARAMETER["Scale difference",1,ID["EPSG",8611]]]]