Remarks: Derived via PZ-90. Can be implemented as a single coordinate frame rotation transformation with parameter vaues of dX = 25.0 m, dY = -141.0 m, dZ = -78.5 m, rX = 0.0 sec, rY = -0.35 sec, rZ = -0.736 sec, dS = 0 ppm.
Information source: OGP
Revision date: 2006-02-03
Unit: metre
Geodetic CRS: Pulkovo 1942
Datum: Pulkovo 1942
Ellipsoid: Krassowsky 1940
Prime meridian: Greenwich
Data source: EPSG
Information source: OGP
Revision date: 2012-11-26
Scope: Topographic mapping (medium scale).
Remarks: Also found with truncated false easting - see Pulkovo 1942 / Gauss-Kruger CM 177W (code 2521).
Area of use: Russian Federation - onshore between 180°E and 174°W.
Coordinate system: Cartesian 2D CS. Axes: northing, easting (X,Y). Orientations: north, east. UoM: m.
Center coordinates
28390410.28 9315056.18
Projected bounds:
30134827.86 15465711.15
31574818.32 9470115.66
WGS84 bounds:
18.92 39.87
-168.97 85.19
Definition: Well Known Text (WKT)
PROJCS["Pulkovo 1942 / Gauss-Kruger zone 31", GEOGCS["Pulkovo 1942", DATUM["Pulkovo_1942", SPHEROID["Krassowsky 1940",6378245,298.3]], PRIMEM["Greenwich",0], UNIT["degree",0.0174532925199433, AUTHORITY["EPSG","9122"]], AUTHORITY["EPSG","4284"]], PROJECTION["Transverse_Mercator"], PARAMETER["latitude_of_origin",0], PARAMETER["central_meridian",-177], PARAMETER["scale_factor",1], PARAMETER["false_easting",31500000], PARAMETER["false_northing",0], UNIT["metre",1], AUTHORITY["EPSG","28431"]]
Definition: ESRI WKT
PROJCS["Pulkovo_1942_GK_Zone_31",GEOGCS["GCS_Pulkovo_1942",DATUM["D_Pulkovo_1942",SPHEROID["Krasovsky_1940",6378245.0,298.3]],PRIMEM["Greenwich",0.0],UNIT["Degree",0.0174532925199433]],PROJECTION["Gauss_Kruger"],PARAMETER["False_Easting",31500000.0],PARAMETER["False_Northing",0.0],PARAMETER["Central_Meridian",-177.0],PARAMETER["Scale_Factor",1.0],PARAMETER["Latitude_Of_Origin",0.0],UNIT["Meter",1.0]]
Definition: JSON
{ "$schema": "https://proj.org/schemas/v0.4/projjson.schema.json", "type": "ProjectedCRS", "name": "Pulkovo 1942 / Gauss-Kruger zone 31", "base_crs": { "name": "Pulkovo 1942", "datum": { "type": "GeodeticReferenceFrame", "name": "Pulkovo 1942", "ellipsoid": { "name": "Krassowsky 1940", "semi_major_axis": 6378245, "inverse_flattening": 298.3 } }, "coordinate_system": { "subtype": "ellipsoidal", "axis": [ { "name": "Geodetic latitude", "abbreviation": "Lat", "direction": "north", "unit": "degree" }, { "name": "Geodetic longitude", "abbreviation": "Lon", "direction": "east", "unit": "degree" } ] }, "id": { "authority": "EPSG", "code": 4284 } }, "conversion": { "name": "6-degree Gauss-Kruger zone 31", "method": { "name": "Transverse Mercator", "id": { "authority": "EPSG", "code": 9807 } }, "parameters": [ { "name": "Latitude of natural origin", "value": 0, "unit": "degree", "id": { "authority": "EPSG", "code": 8801 } }, { "name": "Longitude of natural origin", "value": -177, "unit": "degree", "id": { "authority": "EPSG", "code": 8802 } }, { "name": "Scale factor at natural origin", "value": 1, "unit": "unity", "id": { "authority": "EPSG", "code": 8805 } }, { "name": "False easting", "value": 31500000, "unit": "metre", "id": { "authority": "EPSG", "code": 8806 } }, { "name": "False northing", "value": 0, "unit": "metre", "id": { "authority": "EPSG", "code": 8807 } } ] }, "coordinate_system": { "subtype": "Cartesian", "axis": [ { "name": "Northing", "abbreviation": "X", "direction": "north", "unit": "metre" }, { "name": "Easting", "abbreviation": "Y", "direction": "east", "unit": "metre" } ] }, "scope": "Topographic mapping (medium scale).", "area": "Russian Federation - onshore between 180°E and 174°W.", "bbox": { "south_latitude": 64.35, "west_longitude": -180, "north_latitude": 71.65, "east_longitude": -174 }, "id": { "authority": "EPSG", "code": 28431 } }
Definition: GeoServer
28431=PROJCS["Pulkovo 1942 / Gauss-Kruger zone 31",GEOGCS["Pulkovo 1942",DATUM["Pulkovo_1942",SPHEROID["Krassowsky 1940",6378245,298.3]],PRIMEM["Greenwich",0],UNIT["degree",0.0174532925199433,AUTHORITY["EPSG","9122"]],AUTHORITY["EPSG","4284"]],PROJECTION["Transverse_Mercator"],PARAMETER["latitude_of_origin",0],PARAMETER["central_meridian",-177],PARAMETER["scale_factor",1],PARAMETER["false_easting",31500000],PARAMETER["false_northing",0],UNIT["metre",1],AUTHORITY["EPSG","28431"]]
Definition: Mapnik
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <Map srs="+proj=tmerc +lat_0=0 +lon_0=-177 +k=1 +x_0=31500000 +y_0=0 +ellps=krass +units=m +no_defs +type=crs"> <Layer srs="+proj=tmerc +lat_0=0 +lon_0=-177 +k=1 +x_0=31500000 +y_0=0 +ellps=krass +units=m +no_defs +type=crs"> </Layer> </Map>
Definition: SQL (PostGIS)
INSERT into spatial_ref_sys (srid, auth_name, auth_srid, proj4text, srtext) values ( 28431, 'EPSG', 28431, '+proj=tmerc +lat_0=0 +lon_0=-177 +k=1 +x_0=31500000 +y_0=0 +ellps=krass +units=m +no_defs +type=crs', 'PROJCS["Pulkovo 1942 / Gauss-Kruger zone 31",GEOGCS["Pulkovo 1942",DATUM["Pulkovo_1942",SPHEROID["Krassowsky 1940",6378245,298.3]],PRIMEM["Greenwich",0],UNIT["degree",0.0174532925199433,AUTHORITY["EPSG","9122"]],AUTHORITY["EPSG","4284"]],PROJECTION["Transverse_Mercator"],PARAMETER["latitude_of_origin",0],PARAMETER["central_meridian",-177],PARAMETER["scale_factor",1],PARAMETER["false_easting",31500000],PARAMETER["false_northing",0],UNIT["metre",1],AUTHORITY["EPSG","28431"]]');
Definition: OGC WKT
PROJCS["Pulkovo 1942 / Gauss-Kruger zone 31",GEOGCS["Pulkovo 1942",DATUM["Pulkovo_1942",SPHEROID["Krassowsky 1940",6378245,298.3]],PRIMEM["Greenwich",0],UNIT["degree",0.0174532925199433,AUTHORITY["EPSG","9122"]],AUTHORITY["EPSG","4284"]],PROJECTION["Transverse_Mercator"],PARAMETER["latitude_of_origin",0],PARAMETER["central_meridian",-177],PARAMETER["scale_factor",1],PARAMETER["false_easting",31500000],PARAMETER["false_northing",0],UNIT["metre",1],AUTHORITY["EPSG","28431"]]
Definition: OGC WKT 2 (2019)
PROJCRS["Pulkovo 1942 / Gauss-Kruger zone 31",BASEGEOGCRS["Pulkovo 1942",DATUM["Pulkovo 1942",ELLIPSOID["Krassowsky 1940",6378245,298.3,LENGTHUNIT["metre",1]]],PRIMEM["Greenwich",0,ANGLEUNIT["degree",0.0174532925199433]],ID["EPSG",4284]],CONVERSION["6-degree Gauss-Kruger zone 31",METHOD["Transverse Mercator",ID["EPSG",9807]],PARAMETER["Latitude of natural origin",0,ANGLEUNIT["degree",0.0174532925199433],ID["EPSG",8801]],PARAMETER["Longitude of natural origin",-177,ANGLEUNIT["degree",0.0174532925199433],ID["EPSG",8802]],PARAMETER["Scale factor at natural origin",1,SCALEUNIT["unity",1],ID["EPSG",8805]],PARAMETER["False easting",31500000,LENGTHUNIT["metre",1],ID["EPSG",8806]],PARAMETER["False northing",0,LENGTHUNIT["metre",1],ID["EPSG",8807]]],CS[Cartesian,2],AXIS["northing (X)",north,ORDER[1],LENGTHUNIT["metre",1]],AXIS["easting (Y)",east,ORDER[2],LENGTHUNIT["metre",1]],USAGE[SCOPE["Topographic mapping (medium scale)."],AREA["Russian Federation - onshore between 180°E and 174°W."],BBOX[64.35,-180,71.65,-174]],ID["EPSG",28431]]